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​By Dr. Karen Becker

Many dog owners adamantly refuse to kennel their pet for any reason, feeling that kennels are too confining and the equivalent of sending a dog to prison. And as it turns out, they may be on to something…

A new study published last month in the journal Physiology & Behavior suggests that kenneled dogs can show signs of severe distress that are common in mental illness.

93% of Kenneled Police Dogs Performed Repetitive Behaviors Characteristic of Mental Illness

The study was conducted by researchers at the University of Edinburgh and the Anthrozoology Institute at the University of Bristol (U.K.), and involved 30 highly socialized male German Shepherds trained as police dogs. None of the dogs were on medications of any kind.

This group was selected because police dogs are sometimes kenneled after their work shifts. The kennel these dogs were in had a 40-dog capacity and was equipped with a run and an enclosed rest area.

The researchers shot videotape of the dogs to observe what, if any, repetitive behaviors they engaged in while in their kennels. Per the videotaped evidence, the dogs performed repetitive behaviors that included pacing back and forth; circling the perimeter of the kennel over and over; spinning; and "bouncing off the walls," which involved jumping at a wall and rebounding from it or jumping on a spot on the wall with either all four legs or just the front legs.
​The dogs were also observed combining behaviors, which often occurred following certain triggers like the arrival of their human caretakers at mealtime.

The vast majority of the study dogs – 93 percent – engaged in some repetitive behavior, though it was more evident in some dogs than others.
​Study Provides No Clear Answers

The kind of obsessive, repetitive behavior the police dogs engaged in is linked in human medicine to a variety of mental health problems. Experts theorize that people who practice similar behaviors "live in a world of sensory confusion," according to Discovery News, or are attempting to use repetitive behaviors to blunt painful stimulation. Another theory is that these types of behaviors are the result of senses that are malfunctioning.

The U.K. researchers believe certain dogs may find separation from humans particularly difficult, which could explain their reaction to kenneling. Some dogs may also live in a state of chronic stress due to over-stimulated adrenal glands. However, some of the police dogs that seemed highly distressed based on their behavior did not have abnormally high levels of the stress hormone cortisol. This led the researchers to speculate that certain dogs may use repetitive behaviors as a way to cope in stressful situations.

The researchers recommend that more studies be done to determine if repetitive behaviors in kenneled dogs cause them harm.
So What Does This Mean for You and Your Dog?

…probably not much unless your dog spends most of his day confined to a kennel.

The fact is that in certain situations, kenneling is the only way to keep a dog, and perhaps others around him, safe. Some of these situations include kenneling at the vet clinic for a procedure or overnight (or longer) hospitalization; at the groomer's; during transport; when "cage rest" is necessary and there's no other way to restrict a dog's movements; when a stray dog is picked up by animal control; or when a family pet is relinquished at an animal shelter.
​Perhaps if future studies reveal that dogs are psychologically damaged by kenneling, reputable breeders, show dog owners, trainers, and other dog-related organizations and industries will want to rethink how they manage and house the canines in their care. I predict we won't see much in the way of revolutionary alternatives to kenneling, but it will certainly be beneficial to have scientific evidence that dogs are better off not being kenneled in situations where alternatives exist.

For the record, I don't equate crate training with kenneling. Confining a puppy or dog that hasn't been housetrained to her own cozy crate for a few hours is very different from routinely housing a dog in a boarding kennel like the one described in the U.K. study. A crate-trained dog, once housebroken, should be allowed to go in and out of her crate at will. If your dog has been properly crate-trained, she'll view the crate as her own safe and private little den.

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**Holistic and Organix Pet Shoppe is intended for informational, educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Do not attempt to self-diagnose or treat any health condition. You should always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any diet, exercise or supplementation program, before taking any medication, or if you have or suspect your pet might have a health problem. The opinions expressed by Holistic and Organix Pet Shoppe are not to be replaced for medical care. This website and the information contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. The information and opinions on Holistic and Organix Pet Shoppe are not intended and cannot be used to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. This applies to people and pets!

​Views expressed here in some articles do not necessarily reflect those of Holistic And Organix Pet Shoppe. 

All images/articles are either part of the public domain or owned and © by the respective holders. They are presented here for educational purposes within the “fair use” terms of US Code: Title 17, Sec. 107. However, if you are the artist/writer responsible for an image/article that I have posted and object to its presence on this site, please contact me and I will remove it immediately.

If you see an article that is copyright by Holistic and Organix Pet Shoppe and you would like to share it or post on your own site, feel FREE to as long as it has my link to my website and that it is copyrighted material by me. I DO NOT MIND SHARING HELPFUL INFORMATION TO HELP OUR PETS ANY WAY POSSIBLE. I am not stingy with my content like others I have seen. I am here to help the animals!
​
This site has some affiliate links that will redirect you to their site. I receive small commissions from these affiliates for sales that may occur. This is to help keep our website going. Thank you!
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 I am only an everyday person sharing my experiences and knowledge with others. My dogs are all rescues and came with some medical issues. As our dogs age, no matter what we do right, there is always a medical issue that will arise, so being proactive instead of reactive is your best line of defense. You will also have the knowledge to make better decisions and can handle tackling a problem. Learning is our best line of defense. ​
website security
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Facebook is removing thousands, maybe millions of accounts if they don't like anything about them now. I had a page for HOPS on Facebook but I lost it when they deleted my account as well. Over 10,000 followers..gone just like that. We are looking for a permanent social media site. We are on Facebook again but it isn't monitored daily. 
Also watch out for a lot of scams going on especially on Facebook, especially so called Drs from Nigeria claiming to help you
or your pets. A Dr named Dr Gbojie natural cure on FB is a scammer. Things are bad right now so just be aware! 

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